آموزش و اخلاق در پرستاری

بررسی تأثیر یادگیری تأملی مبتنی بر سناریوهای بالینی بر حساسیت اخلاقی دانشجویان پرستاری

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پرستاری، مرکز تحقیقات مراقبت های پرستاری و مامایی، گروه پرستاری سلامت بزرگسالان، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

2 کارشناسی ارشدپرستاری، بیمارستان تخصصی شفا، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

3 استادیار آموزش پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی فسا، فسا، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه: پرستاران در ارائه مراقبت به بیماران، با چالش­ های اخلاقی متعددی رو به رو می ­شوند. یادگیری مبتنی بر سناریو همراه با به کارگیری تأمل می‌تواند، یک استراتژی مهم در یاددهی یادگیری تعاملی، پویا و گسترده در آموزش اخلاق باشد که مهارت­ های تصمیم ­گیری و توانایی­ های خودآموزی دانشجویان را افزایش می­دهد. پژوهش حاضر، با هدف بررسی تأثیر یادگیری تأملی مبتنی بر سناریوهای بالینی بر حساسیت اخلاقی دانشجویان در واحد درسی ارتباط حرفه‌ای و اخلاق پرستاری انجام شد.
روش کار: این پژوهش از نوع نیمه تجربی پیش آزمون – پس آزمون تک گروهی بود که بر دانشجویان پرستاری دانشگاه علوم پزشکی فسا، در طول سال تحصیلی 98-97 و در سه مرحلۀ طراحی، اجرا و ارزشیابی و به منظور سنجش میزان حساسیت اخلاقی دانشجویان انجام گردید. در این تحقیق تمامی دانشجویان پرستاری ترم 2  شامل 48 نفر در بررسی شرکت کردند. جهت جمع‌آوری داده‌ها، از پرسشنامۀ نسخۀ فارسی حساسیت اخلاقی لوتزن (2006) استفاده گردید. داده‌ها در محیط نرم افزار SPSS نسخۀ 21 در سطح آمار توصیفی و تحلیلی، بررسی شدند.
یافته­ ها: در این مطالعه تفاوت معناداری بین میانگین کل نمرۀ حساسیت اخلاقی قبل و بعد از مداخله مشاهده نشد( 0.05< p value). همچنین نتایح آزمون تی زوجی نیز قبل و بعد از مداخلۀ آموزشی در زیر مقیاس­ های حساسیت اخلاقی (حسن بار اخلاقی، قدرت اخلاقی، مسئولیت اخلاقی) تفاوت معناداری نشان نداد (0.05< p value).
نتیجه‌گیری: پژوهش حاضر با توجه به معنادار نشدن تفاوت نمرۀ حساسیت اخلاقی دانشجویان قبل و بعد از مداخله، پیشنهاد می‌کند که علی رغم جایگاه فعالیت‌های تأملی در توسعۀ یادگیری دانشجویان به خصوص در مطالعات غرب و همچنین به کارگیری این­ گونه رویکردهای نوینی به ویژه با در نظرگرفتن پداگوژی فرهنگی متفاوت می‌تواند ابعاد پیچیده تری را در برگیرد تا اثربخشی مناسبی داشته باشد. بنابراین انجام تحقیق ­های بیشتر در زمینۀ اثربخشی و ابعاد به کارگیری فعالیت‌های تأملی در آموزش اخلاق، به دانشجویان کارشناسی پرستاری در ایران پیشنهاد می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the effect of reflective learning based on clinical scenarios on the moral sensitivity of nursing students

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maryam Bagheri 1
  • Akram Mohammadi pelarti 2
  • Shahnaz karimi 3

1 Assistant Professor of nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Department of Adult Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

2 MSc in nursing, Shafa specialized hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

3 Assistant Professor of Medical Education, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Nurses face many ethical challenges in providing care to patients. Scenario-based learning along with
the use of reflection can be an interactive, dynamic, and expansive learning strategy in ethics education that enhances students' decision-making skills and self-learning abilities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of reflective learning based on clinical scenarios on students' moral sensitivity in the course of professional communication and nursing ethics.
Materials and Methods: This study was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test single group study that was performed on nursing students of Fasa University of Medical Sciences during the academic year of 2018-2019 in three stages of design, implementation and evaluation to assess students' moral sensitivity. In this study, all second semester nursing students including 48 people participated in the study. To collect data, the Persian version of the Lutzen Ethical Sensitivity Questionnaire (2006) was used. Data were analyzed in SPSS software version 21 at the level of descriptive and analytical statistics (paired t).
Results: In this study, there was no significant difference between the mean of the total score of moral sensitivity before and after the intervention (p value> 0.05). Also, the results of paired t-test did not show a significant difference before and after the educational intervention in the subscales of moral sensitivity (Sense Of Moral Burden, Moral Strength, Moral Responsibility) (p value> 0.05).
Conclusion: The present study, considering the non-significant difference between students 'moral sensitivity scores
before and after the intervention, suggests that despite the place of reflective activities in the development of students' learning, especially in Western studies, and also applying such new approaches, especially by considering different cultural pedagogies, can take on more complex dimensions in order to be effective. Therefore, further studies on the effectiveness and dimensions of using reflection activities in ethics education are recommended to undergraduate nursing students in Iran.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Reflective learning
  • Clinical Scenarios
  • Ethical Sensitivity
  • Nursing Student
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آموزش و اخلاق در پرستاری
دوره 11، 1-2
فروردین 1401
صفحه 39-46