آموزش و اخلاق در پرستاری
Education and Ethics In Nursing ISSN: 2322-5300

بررسی ویژگی‌های دموگرافیک و روانشناختی اقدام‌کنندگان به خودکشی در مراجعه-کنندگان به اورژانس بیمارستان خاتم الانبیاء (ص) و علی ابن ابیطالب (ع) شهر زاهدان(1402)

https://doi.org/10.22034/ethic.2024.2030594.1054
دوره 13، ویژه نامه ارتقا سلامت
تیر 1403
صفحه 61-70
آموزش و اخلاق در پرستاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی اصیل

نویسندگان

مریم ضیایی 1
امیر رضا ابراهیمی 2
زهرا قیاسی 3

1 استادیار گروه طب اورژانس، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی زاهدان، زاهدان، ایران.

2 کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی زاهدان، زاهدان، ایران.

3 استادیار روانپزشکی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی زاهدان، زاهدان، ایران.

چکیده
مقدمه: اقدام به خودکشی، به اقداماتی گفته می ­شود که قصد دارند، باعث مرگ خود فرد شوند؛ اما ناموفق هستند. خودکشی در طول عمر اتفاق می­افتد و عوامل خطر آن مانند: عوامل بیولوژیکی، ژنتیکی، روانی، اجتماعی و محیطی در یک تعامل پیچیده است.
روش کار: پژوهش حاضر، از نوع توصیفی- تحلیلی بود. جامعۀ مورد مطالعه را تمام اقدام­ کنندگان به خودکشی که مراجعه ­کننده به اورژانس­های شهر زاهدان بودند، تشکیل دادند. 250 نفر در این مطالعه، به روش آسان و در دسترس، همکاری کردند. ابزار پژوهش حاضر شامل: اطلاعات جمعیت ­شناختی، پرسشنامۀ پنج عامل شخصیت و مقیاس افسردگی، اضطراب و استرس (DAAS-21) بود که به روش مصاحبه و خودگزارشی جمع ­آوری شدند.
یافته­ ها: جنسیّت افراد شامل 153 (%61/20) زن و 97 (%38/80) مرد بود. بیشترین فراوانی (121 نفر %48/40) را گروه سنی 20 تا 30 سال و کم­ترین فراوانی (17 نفر %6/80)  را گروه سنی بیشتر از 40 سال تشکیل دادند. شغل آزاد و سایر، بیشترین فراوانی (59 نفر %23/60) و بازنشسته، کم­ترین فراوانی (10 نفر %4/00) را داشت. 6 (%2/40) نفر از اقدام­ کنندگان به خودکشی، سابقۀ خانوادگی مثبت داشتند. بیشترین فراوانی را تعداد اعضای خانوادۀ پنج نفر (119 نفر %47/60) و کم­ترین فراوانی را تعداد اعضای خانوادۀ سه نفر (3 نفر %1/20) تشکیل دادند. سطح افسردگی، بیشترین فراوانی را محدودۀ متوسط با 114 (%45/60) نفر داشتند. بیشتر افراد، نزدیک به 159 ( %63/60) نفر، در سطح اضطراب بسیار شدید قرار گرفتند؛ در­حالی­که سطح استرس متوسط، بیشترین فراوانی آن در محدودۀ 119 ( %60/47) نفر تشکیل دادند. 155 (%62) نفر برونگرا و 95 (%38) نفر، درونگرا بودند. وابستگی به الکل در 2 (%0/8) نفر، وابستگی دارویی در 12 (%4/8) نفر، سابقۀ خودکشی قبلی در 56 (%22/4) نفر و سابقۀ بیماری اعصاب و روان، در 93 (%37/2) نفر دیده شد.
نتیجه ­گیری: پژوهش حاضر، نشان داد که زنان، حدود دو برابر مردان، اقدام به خودکشی داشتند؛ در­حالی­که بیش از نیمی از افراد، مجرد بودند. سن 20 تا 30 سال، پرخطرترین گروه سنی را تشکیل دادند. بیشتر اقدام ­کنندگان به خودکشی، سطح تحصیلات کمتر از دیپلم داشتند و شغل اکثر افراد، آزاد یا خانه­ دار/ بیکار بود. پیشنهاد می­شود، با در نظر گرفتن گروه ­های پرخطر، اقداماتی یکپارچه­ای برای آن­ها درنظر گرفته شود. تمام اقدام­ کنندگان به خودکشی، باید تحت مشاوره ­های روانپزشکی قرار گرفته و از نظر بیماری­های اعصاب و روان ماژور، غربالگری شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

خودکشی
روانشناختی
اورژانس
زاهدان

عنوان مقاله English

A Survey of the demographic and psychological factors related to suicide attempts among referees to Khatam Al-Anbia and Ali Ibn Abi Talib hospitals in Zahedan 2023

نویسندگان English

Maryam Ziaei 1
Amirreza Ebrahimi 2
Zahra Ghiasi 3
1 Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, Khatam-Al-Anbia Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
2 Student Research Committee, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
3 Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, Khatam-Al-Anbia Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
چکیده English

Introduction: Suicide attempts are actions that intend to cause the person's own death, but are unsuccessful. Suicide is one of the leading causes of death and accounts for approximately 1 million deaths worldwide each year. Suicide occurs throughout life and risk factors include biological, genetic, psychological, social and environmental factors in a complex interaction. The general purpose of this study was to investigate the demographic and psychological characteristics of suicide attempters in the emergency department of Khatam Al-Anbia and Ali Ibn Abi Talib (AS) hospitals in Zahedan city in 2023.
Methods & Materials: The present study was descriptive-analytical (cross-sectional). The study population was all suicide attempters who referred to emergency rooms in Zahedan. 250 people participated in this study in an easy and accessible way. The tools of this study included demographic information, five personality factor questionnaire and depression, anxiety and stress scale (DAAS-21) which was collected by interview and self-report method. The collected information was entered into SPSS software version 26 and analyzed with chi-square test.
Results: The gender of the subjects included 153 (61.20%) women and 97 (38.80%) men. 147 (58.80%) were single, 77 (30.80%) were married, 16 (6.40%) were divorced, and 10 (4.00%) had lost their spouses. The highest frequency (121 people, 48.40%) was in the age group of 20 to 30 years, and the lowest frequency (17 people, 6.80%) was in the age group over 40 years. Middle school level (cycle) had the highest frequency (25.60% of 64 people) and bachelor's level and above (5 people 2.00%) had the lowest frequency. Freelance and other jobs had the highest frequency (23.60% of 59 people) and retired had the lowest frequency (10 people, 4.00%). 6 (2.40%) of the suicide attempters had a positive family history. The most frequent number of family members was five people (47.60% of 119 people) and the least frequent was the number of family members three people (1.20% 3 people). 77 (30.80%) were married, 75 (30.00%) lived with both parents, 66 (26.40%) lived alone, and 32 (12.80%) lived with One of the parents was living. The level of depression was the most frequent in the medium range with 114 (45.60%) people. Most of the people (63.60% of 159 people) had a very severe level of anxiety, and the average stress level was the most common (47.60% of 119 people). 155 (62%) people were extroverts and 95 (38%) were introverts. Alcohol dependence in 2 (0.8%) people, drug dependence in 12 (4.8%) people, history of previous suicide in 56 (22.4%) people, and history of neurological and mental illness in 93 (37.2%) ) person was seen.
Conclusion: In this study, it was shown that women committed suicide twice as much as men, and more than half of the people were single, and 20-30 years old was the most risky age group. Most of the suicide attempters had an education level lower than a diploma, and most people's jobs were freelancers or housewives/unemployed. It is suggested to consider high-risk groups and take integrated measures for them. All suicide attempters should undergo psychiatric counseling and be screened for major neurological and mental illnesses.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

  • Suicide
  • Psychological
  • Emergency
  • Zahedan
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