Education and Ethics In Nursing ISSN: 2322-5300

بررسی روایی سازه و پایایی مقیاس پریشانی اخلاقی: یک مطالعۀ مرورنظام‌مند

دوره 13، شماره 2
مهر 1403
صفحه 39-48

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 گروه پرستاری، دانشکده علوم پزشکی، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران

2 گروه پرستاری، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی آمل، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران، ساری، ایران

3 استاد، گروه مدیریت پرستاری، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی آزاد اسلامی تهران، تهران، ایران

4 کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران، ساری، ایران

چکیده
مقدمه: پریشانی اخلاقی زمانی ایجاد می­شود که فرد، در اثر تضادهای اخلاقی و ناتوانی در پایبندی به اصول اخلاقی خود، دچار احساس نارضایتی می‌شود که می‌تواند، باعث افسردگی و کاهش رضایت شغلی گردد. سنجش پریشانی اخلاقی بسیار ضروری است؛ از سوی دیگر اطمینان به روایی و پایایی ابزارهای معتبر، برای ارزیابی پریشانی اخلاقی نیاز می­باشد؛ بنابراین هدف از پژوهش حاضر، ارزیابی خواص روان­سنجی مقیاس پریشانی اخلاقی بود.
روش کار: در این پژوهش، اسکوپینگ پایگاه داده‌های" PubMed", "Scopus ", "Web of Science", "Google Scholar"," SID" ," Magiran "، به‌طور نظام­مند، بین سال‌های( 2001 تا ،2023) و با استفاده از کلیدواژه‌های" Psychometric ", "validity"," reliability"," moral", "distress، scale "  که مترادف آن‌ها به زبان فارسی (روان­سنجی، روایی، پایایی، اخلاق، پریشانی، مقیاس) بود، مورد جستجو قرار گرفتند. چهار محقق به‌طور مستقل، کیفیت مطالعات را بر اساس چک‌لیست استانداردهای گزارش صحت تشخیصی (STARD) و ارزیابی کیفیت مطالعات دقیق تشخیصی (QUADAS-2) ارزیابی کردند.
یافته‌ها: از 2677 مقالۀ(321 مقاله فارسی و 2356 مقاله انگلیسی) به­دست آمده، سرانجام 8 مقاله، مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. کیفیت مطالعات، قابل قبول بود. یافته‌ها نشان داد که تعداد عوامل برآمده در تحقیقات مختلف، متفاوت بود؛ اما در مقابل، مقیاس‌ پریشانی اخلاقی و پریشانی اخلاقی بازنگری شده،  دارای روایی و پایایی مناسبی نشان داد. پیوستگی درونی مطالعات، با استفاده از دامنۀ آلفای کرونباخ، از 385/0 تا 97/0درصد گزارش شد. کم­ترین واریانس کل فاکتورهای به­دست آمده (38/19 درصد) و بیشترین مقدار (99/68 درصد) گزارش کردند.
نتیجه‌گیری: محدودیت در کاربرد روش‌های روان‌سنجی در مقیاس‌های مورد بررسی کاملاً مشهود بود و مقیاس دیسترس اخلاقی به طور زیاد، در جمعیت‌های مختلف به کارنرفته است؛ بنابراین عدم کاربرد آن در زمینه‌های فرهنگی مختلف، اطمینان از عملکرد مقیاس را محدود می‌کند. استفاده از تکنیک‌های محکم، در جهت روان‌سنجی و بررسی روایی و پایایی مقیاس دیسترس اخلاقی، در تحقیقات بعدی پیشنهاد می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Investigating the construct validity and reliability of the moral distress instrument: a systematic review

نویسندگان English

Esmaeel Hoseinzadeh 1
Hamid Sharif-Nia 2
Tahere Ashktorab 3
Reza Fatehi 4
1 Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran
2 Department of Nursing, Amol School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Nursing Management, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
4 Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
چکیده English

Introduction: Moral distress occurs when an individual feels dissatisfaction due to ethical conflicts and an inability to adhere to their moral principles, which can lead to depression and decreased job satisfaction. Measuring moral distress is crucial. Moreover, ensuring the validity and reliability of credible tools for assessing moral distress is essential. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Moral Distress Scale.
Materials and Methods: In this scoping study, databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, SID, and Magiran were systematically searched between 2001 and 2023 using keywords such as "Psychometric," "validity," "reliability," "moral," "distress," "scale," and their Persian equivalents ("روان­سنجی," "روایی," "پایایی," "اخلاق," "پریشانی," "مقیاس"). Four researchers independently assessed the quality of the studies based on the Standards for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy (STARD) checklist and the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2).
Results: Out of 2677 articles (321 Persian articles, 2356 English articles) retrieved, eight articles were ultimately evaluated. The quality of the studies was acceptable. The findings indicated that the number of factors extracted varied across studies, and both the Moral Distress Scale and the Revised Moral Distress Scale demonstrated appropriate validity and reliability. The internal consistency of the studies, as reported by Cronbach's alpha, ranged from 0.385 to 0.97. The lowest total variance of extracted factors was 19.38%, while the highest was 68.99%.
Conclusion: There were evident limitations in the application of validation methods in the scales under review, and the Moral Distress Scale has not been widely used across different populations. Hence, the lack of application in various cultural contexts limits confidence in the scale's performance. The use of robust techniques for validation and further investigation of the validity and reliability of the Moral Distress Scale in future studies is recommended.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

  • Moral Distress
  • Psychometrics
  • Moral Conflict
  • Mental Health
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