آموزش و اخلاق در پرستاری
Education and Ethics In Nursing ISSN: 2322-5300

درآمدی بر ایدۀ کلام بالینی اسلامی، استراتژی درمان مبتنی بر معنویت اسلامی: مطالعۀ مروری- روایتی

https://doi.org/10.22034/ethic.2024.2037605.1104
دوره 13، شماره 1
فروردین 1403
صفحه 117-125
آموزش و اخلاق در پرستاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسنده

مجید توکل

استادیار، مرکز تحقیقات اخلاق پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی جهرم، جهرم، ایران.

چکیده
مقدمه: یکی از مسائل پارادایمی که اخیراً در جهان، مورد توجه قرار گرفته است، چیستی و چگونگی (کیفیت) مراقبت از بیمار و آسیب ­دیدگان مسائل اجتماعی می ­باشد. توجه به دین­باوری و معنویت، در این میان نقش قابل توجهی را به خود اختصاص داده و شاخه ­های متعددی را همچون سلامت و مراقبت معنوی، به وجود آورده است؛ بنابراین پژوهش حاضر، با هدف بررسی مستندات موجود، در زمینۀ کلام بالینی اسلامی، طراحی و مورد اجرا قرار گرفت.
روش کار: پژوهش حاضر، به صورت مرور نقلی و با استفاده از واژه­ های کلیدی «کلام بالینی» ، «کلام اسلامی »، «کلام بالینی»، «مراقبت معنوی اسلامی»، «کلام پزشکی»، «اخلاق مراقبت»، «اخلاق بالینی»، «معنویت »، «معنویت اسلامی» و «سلامت معنوی»، در پایگاه­های اطلاعاتی"MagIran", "Iran medex"",scholar  Google", SID" و بین سال­های 1402- 1396، به زبان فارسی توسط دو محقق به صورت مجزا و با استراتژی (AND-OR)انجام شد. تعداد 1060 مقاله  از مجلات معتبر فارسی چه به­صورت متن کامل یا چکیده، در نرم افزار End Note X8 جمع ­آوری شدند؛ بعد از آن عناوین مقالات، مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند؛ پس از حذف مقالات تکراری متون غیر مرتبط، 162 مقاله وارد مرحلۀ ارزیابی کیفی متن اصلی مقالات شدند و در پایان، 15 مقاله مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. جهت جلوگیری از سوگیری احتمالی، افزایش دقت در پژوهش و بررسی دوبارۀ کیفیت مقالات گردآوری شده، یک نفر محقق با تجربه، در تهیه و نگارش مقالات مروری با کلیدواژه ­های استاندارد، مقاله­ ها را از نظر چکیده، مقدمه، روش کار، نتایج، بحث و منابع، مورد بررسی، تجزیه و تحلیل قرار داد. مقالات بدون چکیدۀ انگلیسی مانند: نامه به سردبیر، پیشنهادات‌، پوسترهای ارائه شده در کنگره‌ها و گزارش نکته­ها نیز مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند؛ سپس با مراجعه به منابع اصیل دینی، کتاب­های کلامی نگارش یافته و مقایسۀ آن با موضوعات به­ دست آمده از منابع ذکر شده، به بیان نظریۀ ایدۀ کلام بالینی اسلامی پرداخته گردید.
یافته­ ها: آنچه امروزه در زمینۀ معنویت در درمان تدوین شده، دسته‌بند‌ی این علوم در فضای الهیات مسیحی مبتنی بر فرهنگ غربی و بر اساس الهیات عملی نشان داد که در زمینه­‌هایی مانند: روانشناسی و فلسفه، سعی در رفع نیازهای روحی و معنوی بیمار دارد؛ اما با استفاده از فرهنگ اسلامی که برگرفته از مبانی اصیل الهیات و کلام اسلامی است می­توان در یک فرآیند نظام­مند به سؤال‌ها، مشکلات و نیازهای روحی، معنوی و اعتقادی بیماران، کادر درمان و آسیب­ دیدگان مسائل اجتماعی پاسخ داد. این مطلب را می­ توان به عنوان ایدۀ «کلام بالینی اسلامی» مطرح کرد.
نتیجه­ گیری: ضرورت توجه به کلام بالینی اسلامی در حیطۀ نظام سلامت، برای رفع مشکلات اعتقادی، معنوی و روحی بیماران و کادر درمان، احساس می­ گردد. لازم است که جامعۀ علمی کشور به این نیاز اساسی و کمبود بزرگ توجه کنند؛ از این روی در یک نگاه جامع می‌توان، کلام بالینی اسلامی را یک تلاش نظام ­مند، برای حل این نیازها و مشکلات در بیماران و کادر درمان، مورد توجه قرار داد.(تصور از خدا و صفات خدا، تصور از معنای زندگی و هدف خلقت، تصور از سرنوشت و قضا و قدر، تأثیر دعا و معنویت، تاب­آوری در زمان بیماری، اخلاق بیمار و کادر درمان، بیمار در آستانۀ مرگ، تصور بیمار از دنیای بعد از مرگ، مرگ بیمار و تأثیر آن بر کادر درمان و نزدیکان)

کلیدواژه‌ها

کلام بالینی اسلامی
کلام بالینی
مراقبت معنوی
سلامت معنوی
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

An introduction to the idea of Islamic clinical speech, treatment strategy based on Islamic spirituality: a review-narrative study

نویسنده English

Majid Tavakal
Assistant Professor, Medical Ethics Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
چکیده English

Introduction:
One of the paradigmatic issues that has recently received attention worldwide is the quality of care for patients and victims of social issues. Religion and spirituality have played a significant role in this and have given rise to branches such as health and spiritual care. Therefore, this research was designed to review available documents in the field of Islamic clinical theology.
Methods & Materials:
This descriptive review utilized keywords such as "Clinical Word," "Islamic Word," "Islamic Spiritual Care," "Medical Word," "Ethics of Care," "Clinical Ethics," "Spirituality," "Islamic Spirituality," and "Spiritual Health." The search was conducted in databases such as "MagIran," "Iran Medex," "Google Scholar," and "SID" between the years 1396-1402 in Farsi language. Two researchers independently conducted the search using the strategy (AND-OR). A total of 1060 articles from Persian journals were collected in EndNote X8 software, and after removing duplicates, 162 articles underwent qualitative evaluation. An experienced researcher analyzed the articles in terms of abstract, introduction, methodology, results, discussion, and sources. Articles without English abstracts, such as letters to the editor, proposals, posters presented in congresses, and reports, were also included. By referencing religious sources and theological books, the theory of Islamic clinical theology was discussed.
Results:
The current compilation of spirituality in therapy, classified within Christian theology based on Western culture and practical theology, has shown efforts to meet the spiritual needs of patients in fields like psychology and philosophy. However, utilizing Islamic culture, rooted in the foundations of Islamic theology, can address the mental, spiritual, and religious needs of patients, medical staff, and victims of social issues systematically. This article proposes the concept of "Islamic Clinical Word."
Conclusion:
There is a need to focus on Islamic clinical speech in the healthcare system to address the religious, spiritual, and emotional challenges faced by patients and medical staff. It is essential for the scientific community to recognize and address this significant need. Islamic clinical speech can be viewed as a systematic approach to addressing these needs and challenges in patients and medical staff, encompassing aspects such as creation, destiny, prayer, spirituality, ethics, end-of-life care, and perceptions of the afterlife.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

  • Islamic clinical theology
  • clinical theology
  • spiritual care
  • spiritual health
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