Education and Ethics In Nursing ISSN: 2322-5300

تبیین نیازهای سلامت معنوی در سالمندان: یک مطالعۀ کیفی در ایران

دوره 14، شماره 1
فروردین 1404
صفحه 13-21

نوع مقاله : مطالعات کیفی

نویسندگان

1 مرکز تحقیقات مراقبت‌های پرستاری و مامایی، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

2 استادیار گروه معارف اسلامی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

3 دانشجوی دکتری، مرکز توسعه تحقیقات میان‌رشته‌ای علوم تربیتی و سلامت، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

4 موسسه تحقیقات مطالعات معنوی، قم، ایران

5 کارشناس ارشد پرستاری کودکان، کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

چکیده
مقدمه: سلامت معنوی، نقش مهمی در سازگاری افراد با تنش ­های سالمندی دارد. سالمندانی که در جایگاه بیماری یا مرگ هستند، خواه ناخواه در معرض خطر بالای تجربۀ بحران معنوی قرار دارند. پژوهش حاضر، با هدف تبیین نیازهای سلامت معنوی در سالمندان شهر اصفهان انجام شد.
روش­ کار: پژوهش حاضر، با طراحی کیفی تحلیل محتوای مرسوم و استفاده از نمونه­ گیری هدفمند، با حداکثر تنوع و به مدت یک ماه در مراکز مختلف خدمات جامع سلامت­ های شهر اصفهان، در سال 1403 انجام شد. داده­ ها از طریق مصاحبۀ نیمه­­ ساختاریافته، با 10 فرد سالمند به دست آمد. تمام مصاحبه­ ها ضبط و کلمه به کلمه تایپ و سپس به روش تحلیل درون­مایه و با استفاده از نرم ­افزار maxqda نسخۀ 11 تحلیل شد. جهت تجزیه و تحلیل داده ­ها، از رویکرد تحلیل محتوای قراردادی با روش گرانهایم و لوندمن استفاده گردید؛ آن­گونه ­که پس از چندین بار مطالعه، تم ­ها یا درونمایه ­ها به عنوان کوچک­ترین واحدهای معنا­دار، استخراج، کدبندی و طبقه ­بندی شدند. در پژوهش حاضر، صحت یافته­ های کیفی بر اساس ملاک ­های اعتماد، اعتبار، تأیید و انتقال­ پذیری، مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.
یافته ­ها: از کدبندی و طبقه ­بندی داده ­ها، پنج تم اصلی برای تبیین نیازهای سلامت معنوی سالمندان، به دست آمد که شامل: 1. نیاز به احساس رضایت از زندگی؛ 2. نیاز به احساس معنادار بودن و هدفمندی زندگی؛ 3. نیاز به ارتباط؛ 4. عوامل تسهیل کنندۀ سلامت معنوی؛ 5. عوامل بازدارندۀ سلامت معنوی.
نتیجه­ گیری: سلامت معنوی در سالمندان، از ابعاد مهم سلامتی است که براساس یافته ­های ذکر شده، عوامل متفاوتی می ­توانند، بر سلامت معنوی سالمندان تأثیرگذار باشند؛ چنانچه این موضوع باید در برنامه ­های مرتبط با سلامت سالمندان، مورد توجه ویژه قرار گیرد تا بتوان عملکرد مناسبی در مسیر ایجاد و ارتقای سلامتی این گروه مهم و حساس در جامعه داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Clarifying spiritual health needs in the elderly: a qualitative study in Iran

نویسندگان English

Ali Omidi 1
Roh-allah Mousavizadeh 2
Mohammad Torkan 3
Mohammadmehdi Ahmadifaraz 4
Poorya Babarabi 5
Mahrokh Keshvari 1
1 Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Centre, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor of the Department of Islamic Education, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
3 Phd student, the center for developing interdisciplinary research of Islamic teaching and health sciences, school of medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
4 Spiritual studies research institute, Qom, Iran.
5 Master of Pediatric Nursing, Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.0922
چکیده English

Introduction: Spiritual health plays an important role in adapting people to the stresses of old age. Elderly people who are facing illness or death are at high risk of experiencing spiritual crisis. The present study was conducted with the aim of explaining the spiritual health needs of the elderly in Isfahan.
Methods & Materials: This study was conducted with the qualitative design of traditional content analysis and the use of targeted sampling with maximum variety and for one month in various comprehensive health service centers of Isfahan in 2024. The data was obtained through semi-structured interviews with 10 elderly people. All the interviews were recorded and typed verbatim and then analyzed by using the content analysis method via maxqda version 11 software. For the analysis, the content analysis approach with Granheim and Lundman method was used. After several times of study, themes were extracted, coded and classified as the smallest meaningful units. In the current research, the validity of qualitative findings was investigated based on the criteria of trust, validity, verification and transferability.
Results: From data coding and classification, five main themes were extracted to explain the spiritual health needs of the elderly, which include: 1) the need to feel satisfied with life, 2) the need to feel meaningful and purposeful in life, 3) the need for communication, 4) facilitating factors of spiritual health and 5) inhibiting factors of spiritual health.
Conclusions: Spiritual health in the elderly is one of the important dimensions of health; based on the above findings, different factors can affect the spiritual health of the elderly. Special attention should be given to this issue in the programs related to the health of the elderly so as to be able to perform properly in the direction of creating and improving the health of this important and sensitive group in the society.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

  • Spirituality
  • Elderly
  • Spiritual Health
  • Qualitative Research
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