معرفت شناسی اثبات گرایی در آموزش دانشجویان پرستاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری پرستاری، کمیتۀ تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشکدۀ پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی جندی شاپور اهواز، اهواز، ایران

2 دانشیار مرکز تحقیقات مراقبت پرستاری در بیماری های مزمن، دانشکدۀ پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی جندی شاپور اهواز، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه: استفاده از مبانی معرفت شناسی اثبات گرایی، در آموزش مراقبت از بیمار،  مستلزم قابل حس بودن، تجربه پذیر بودن و آزمون پذیری ابعاد مراقبتی است؛  این در حالی می باشد که دانشجوی پرستاری، در حیطۀ کاری خود، با فردی در ارتباط است که دارای ابعاد ناملموس می باشد. ابعادی که ممکن است برای فرد، تجارب حیطه های آن تبلور خارجی نداشته باشند. هدف این تحقیق، بررسی معرفت شناسی اثبات گرایی، در آموزش دانشجویان پرستاری است.
روش کار: پژوهش حاضر، از نوع مروری - روایتی است، که  با جستجوی کلید واژگان اصلی به زبان فارسی، از جمله: اثبا گرایی، فلسفه، پرستاری، آموزش و همچنین کلید واژگان انگلیسی philosophy, Nursing, Education  Positivism, در پایگاه های داده ای PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Ovid, Wiley, Web of Science, Magiran and SIDs,  و در مجلات داخلی و خارجی( 2000 - 2023)، انجام شده است.
یافته ها: معرفت‌شناسی اثبات‌گرایی، به عنوان یک مکتب فلسفی، در آموزش دانشجویان پرستاری، فراوان دیده می‌شود؛ به همین دلیل دانشجویان، در دورۀ کارشناسی و کارشناسی ارشد، با این مکتب فلسفی آشنا نمی شوند و جایگاهی در کوریکولوم آموزشی آن ها ندارد و از طرفی، یکی از معایب عمدۀ کاربرد این مکتب در آموزش دانشجویان پرستاری، آن است که این مکتب فلسفی، به بعد فیزیولوژیک انسان توجه دارد و به دیگر ابعاد انسان از جمله: بعد روحی- روانی و معنوی، به دلیل انتزاعی و ناملموس بودن، توجه خاصی ندارد.
نتیجه گیری: با توجه به استفادۀ متعدد از این مکتب فلسفی، در بررسی و ارزیابی بعد فیزیولوژیک در بیماران، اگر چه به نظر می رسد که دانشجویان پرستاری، در دورۀ کارشناسی و کارشناسی ارشد، باید با مبانی این مکتب فلسفی آشنا شوند؛ اما از طرفی آشنایی آن ها با دیگر مکاتب فلسفی، جهت ارزیابی و مدیریت جنبه‌های غیرفیزیولوژیک بیماران، ضروری می باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Positivism Epistemology Critique in Nursing Students Education

نویسندگان [English]

  • Farzaneh Mohamadnejad 1
  • Simin Jahani 2
  • Shahram Molavynejad 2
  • Asad Imani 1

1 PhD Nursing Student, Student Research Committee, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

2 Nursing Care Research Center in Chronic Disease, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction: The use of positivist epistemology in patient care education requires perceptibility, experienceability, and testability of care dimensions. This is while the nursing student, in his work area, is in contact with a person who has intangible dimensions. Dimensions that may not have external perspectives for a person's experiences. The purpose of the present study is to criticize the role of positivist epistemology in the education of nursing students.
Materials and Methods: The present study is a narrative review that by searching the key words including positivism, Philosophy, Nursing, Education in PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Ovid, Wiley, Web of Science, Magiran and SIDs databases and in domestic and foreign journals was done from 2000 to 2023.
Result: The positivism epistemology as a philosophical approach, is widely seen in the education of nursing students. This is while undergraduate and graduate students are not familiar with this philosophical approach; and it has no place in their educational curriculum. On the other hand, one of the main disadvantages of using this approach alone in the education of nursing students is that this philosophical approach deliberately pays attention to the physiological dimension of persons and does not pay special attention to other aspects of them; including the mental-psychological and spiritual dimension due to its abstractness and intangibility.
Conclusion: Considering the multiple use of this philosophical approach in examining and evaluating the physiological dimension in patients, although it seems necessary that nursing students in the bachelor's and master's degree should be familiar with the basics of this philosophical approach. But on the other hand, their familiarity with other Philosophical approach is a necessity to evaluate and manage the non-physiological aspects of patients.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Positivism
  • Philosophy
  • Nursing
  • Education
  • Research
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