آموزش و اخلاق در پرستاری
Education and Ethics In Nursing ISSN: 2322-5300

مروری روایتی بر بایدها و نبایدهای انتخاب هدایتگران همتا در آموزش علوم پزشکی

https://doi.org/10.22034/ethic.2022.705676
دوره 11، شماره 2
مهر 1401
صفحه 91-102
آموزش و اخلاق در پرستاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی اصیل

نویسندگان

امین دلیلی 1
حمید زمانی مقدم 2
فاطمه ملکی 3
سیدمجید صدرزاده 4
بهرنگ رضوانی کاخکی 5
مهدی فروغیان 5
روحیه فرزانه 4

1 استادیار جراحی عمومی، گروه جراحی عمومی، دانشکدۀ پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات جراحی سرطان، بیمارستان امام رضا (ع)، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه طب اورژانس، دانشکدۀ پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

3 استادیار طب اورژانس، گروه طب اورژانس، دانشکدۀ پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

4 استادیار گروه طب اورژانس، دانشکدۀ پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

5 دانشیار گروه طب اورژانس، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

چکیده
مقدمه: هدایتگری همتایان، موضوعی است که در سال ­های اخیر در آموزش علوم پزشکی، مورد استقبال قرار گرفته است. یکی از ابعاد موفقیت این فرآیند، انتخاب هدایتگر همتای شایسته است که بتواند نقش خود را به خوبی ایفا کند. مطالعۀ حاضر با هدف بررسی مروری روایتی، بر بایدها و نبایدهای انتخاب هدایتگران همتا، در آموزش علوم پزشکی، انجام شد.
روش­ کار: پژوهش حاضر، به روش مروری - روایتی است که در طی سه مرحلۀ جستجوی متون، ارزیابی داده ­ها و تحلیل آن­ها با هدف ارائه یک نمای کلی از ویژگی­ ها، بایدها و نبایدهای انتخاب راهنمایان همتا، انجام شده است. جمع‌آوری اطلاعات، با جستجوی کلیدواژه ­های فارسی زبان، مانند: «راهنمایان همتا»، «مربیان همتا»، «ویژگی ­ها»، «شایستگی ­ها»، «صلاحیت ­ها» و انگلیسی زبان، از قبیل: Competencies ,Peer Mentors, Peer Mentoring و با کمک عمل­گرهای منطقی، از مقالات پایگاه ­های اطلاعاتی به زبان فارسی،Iranmedex ،Magiran و انگلیسی Science Direct, web of science و Scopus، کاکرن و موتورهای جستجوگر PubMed و Google Scholar ، بدون محدودیت زمانی، بهره گرفته شده است.
یافته ­ها: 9 ویژگی و شایستگی برای مربیان همتا، استنباط شده است که در دستۀ بایستگی ­ها قرار می ­گیرد و عبارت است از: شباهت و زمینه ­های مشترک (اصل تطابق)؛ برخورداری از مهارت ارتباطی قوی؛ توانمندی در زمینۀ هدایتگری؛ شوق و اشتیاق به آموزش و حمایت از دیگران؛ توجه به فرآیند آموزش در هدایتگری با رویکرد متقابل؛ داشتن زمان کافی برای هدایتگری؛ همدلی؛ انعطاف و انتقادپذیری؛ امانتداری. در همین زمینه، چهار ویژگی منفی در نقطه مقابل آن به دست آمد که در دستۀ نبایدهای انتخاب هدایتگر همتا، قرار می­ گیرد و شامل: عدم ایفای نقش در قالب معلم خصوصی، مشاور تحصیلی و ویراستار متربی می ­باشد؛ همچنین هدایتگر همتا، نباید در ارتباط با هدایت شونده، سبک ارتباطی تهدید آمیز و یا سلسله مراتبی را دنبال کند.
نتیجه ­گیری: شناسایی دقیق ویژگی ­ها و شایستگی­ های هدایتگران همتا، در کنار کارآمدی برنامۀ هدایتگری و بایستگی­ های فرد هدایت شونده، می ­تواند منجر به نتیجۀ مطلوب شود. یافته­ های این پژوهش می­ تواند، به برنامه ­ریزان آموزشی، این امکان را فراهم سازد تا با انتخاب هدایتگران همتایی که شایستگی­ های لازم را دارند و در جهت دستیابی به اهداف فرآیند تلاش می ­کنند، کمک و یاری رسانند.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

هدایتگری
شایستگی
آموزش
پزشکی

عنوان مقاله English

A narrative review on the dos and don'ts of choosing peer mentors in medical science education

نویسندگان English

Amin Dalili 1
Hamid Zamani Moghadam 2
Fatemeh Maleki 3
Sayyed Majid Sadrzadeh 4
Behrang Rezvani Kakhki 5
Mahdi Foroughian 5
Roohie Farzaneh 4
1 Assistant Professor of General Surgery, Fellowship of Minimally Invasive and Bariatric Surgery, Surgical Oncology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran
5 Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده English

Introduction: Peer guidance has been welcomed in medical science education in recent years. One of the dimensions
of the success of this process is the selection of a competent peer leader who can fulfill his role well. The present study was conducted with the aim of reviewing a narrative on the dos and don'ts of selecting peer mentors in medical science education
Materials and Methods: This study is a narrative review method that was conducted during three stages of literature search, data evaluation and analysis with the aim of providing an overview of the characteristics and dos and don'ts
of selecting peer guides. Gathering information by searching for the keywords of Peer Mentors, Peer Mentoring, Peer Mentors, Peer Mentoring, with the help of logical operators from the articles of Persian language databases; SID, Iranmedex, Magiran and other databases. English language Science Direct, web of science and Scopus, Cochrane and PubMed and Google Scholar search engines have been used without time limit
Result: 9 characteristics and competences have been extracted for peer educators, which are included in the category of competences, and they are: similarity and common areas (principle of compatibility), having strong communication skills, ability in the field of leadership, passion and enthusiasm for education and supporting others, paying attention to the training process in guiding with a mutual approach, having enough time for guiding, empathy, flexibility and criticism, trustworthiness; And four negative characteristics were also obtained in the opposite point, which are included in the category of not to choose a peer guide and include: not playing a role in the form of a private tutor, academic advisor and trainer editor, also the peer guide should not have a communication style in relation to the guided follow
threatening or hierarchical.
Conclusion: Accurate identification of the characteristics and competencies of peer mentors along with the effectiveness of the mentoring program and the competencies of the mentored person can lead to the desired result. The findings of this research can help educational planners to select peer leaders who have the necessary competencies and strive to achieve the goals of the process.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

  • Mentor
  • Competence
  • Medical Education
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